10 Retirement Income Planning Tools for Sequence-of-Returns Risk
If retirement income needs to survive the worst early-market years, planning tools must do more than output a single “safe” withdrawal rate. The right tools make sequence-of-returns risk visible, quantify the damage from bad early returns, and help you pair flexible spending rules with income floors that reduce forced selling. This list focuses on ten practical retirement income planning tools that experienced planners use to pressure-test withdrawal plans: historical backtests, withdrawal-policy engines, claiming optimizers, ladder builders, annuity sanity-checkers, and “cash-buffer” instruments. Expect clear guidance on what each tool is best at, which settings matter most, and how to combine them into a plan that holds up when markets start poorly. Tool 1: FIRECalc (Historical Backtesting Across Every Start Year) FIRECalc is built to answer the question sequence risk actually asks: “If retirement begins in a bad year, does the plan still work?” Instead of relying on averages,...